Research frameworks
Archaeological research frameworks have been developed for each region in England, funded by Historic England. These provide a framework for targeted archaeological research. CITiZAN is committed to working within the regional research frameworks and hopes to contribute to a shared understanding of our heritage in each of the regions.
1. Regional Research Agendas
North
Petts, D. and Gerrard, C. 2006. Shared Visions: North East Regional Research Framework for the Historic Environment. Durham: Durham County Council
http://www.durham.gov.uk/article/2013/NE-Research-Framework-for-the-Historic-Environment
Chitty, G., Brennand, M. and Nevell, M. 2006. The Archaeology of North West England: An archaeological research framework for the north west region volume 1: Resource assesment. Council for British Archaeology: Manchester
Brennand, M., Chitty, G. and Nevell, M.(eds.). 2007. Research and archaeology in North West England: An archaeological research framework for North West England volume 2: Research agenda and strategy
http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/archaeology/arf/
Roskams, S. and Whyman, M. 2007. Yorkshire archaeological research framework:rResearch agenda. Unpublished Report: English Heritage
https://www.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/yorks-arch-res-framework-agenda/
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South East
Glazebrook, J. (eds.). 1997. Research and archaeology: a framework for the Eastern Counties, 1. Resource Assesment. The Scole Archaeological Committee for East Anglia: Norwich
Brown, N., and Glazebrook, J. 2000. Research and archaeology: a framework for the Eastern Counties, 2. research agenda and strategy. The Scole Archaeological Committee for East Anglia: Norwich
Medlycott, M. (eds.). 2011. Research and Archaeology revisited: a revised framework for the East of England. The Scole Archaeological Committee for East Anglia: Norwich
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/revised-framework-east-of-england/
The South East Research Framework Resource Assessment and Research Agenda is awaiting publication though several of the draft papers can be found at:
http://www.kent.gov.uk/leisure-and-community/history-and-heritage/south-east-research-framework
Heppell, E. 2010. Update and Revision of the Archaeological Research Framework for the Greater Thames Estuary (1999). Essex County Council, Historic Environment Branch: Chelmsford
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/greater-thames-estuary-res-framework-2010/
See also http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/gtrf_na_2011/overview.cfm
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South West
Hey, G., and Hind, J. 2014. Solent Thames research framework for the Historic Environment: resource assesments and research agendas. Oxford Archaeology: Oxford
https://library.thehumanjourney.net/2597/
Webster, C. (ed.). 2007. The archaeology of South West England: South West archaeological research framework resource assesment and research agenda. Sommerset Heritage Services: Taunton
http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/hes/swarf/Index.htm
Johns, C. 2012. Isles of Scilly Historic Environment Research Framework: resource assesment and research agenda. English Heritage: Truro
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/cornwall2-85996/downloads.cfm
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2. Thematic Research Agendas
Maritime Studies
Ransley, J., Sturt, F., Dix, J., Adams, J., and Blue, L. (eds.) (2013) People and the Sea: A Maritime Archaeological Research Agenda for England, York, GB, Council for British Archaeology, 272pp. (Research Reports, 171).
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/mheresearch_eh_2011/index.cfm
Lloyds Register Foundation
The Lloyd’s Register Foundation (LRF) is an independent global charity with a mission to protect the safety of life and property and to advance public education. It is also the custodian of Lloyd’s Register’s unique heritage collection, which contains over 250 years of maritime history including ship plans, survey reports, Register Books and much more. The collection is an important resource for maritime history, marine engineering, naval architecture, offshore engineering and ocean technology. The Foundation are committed to using the collection to create impact in line with their charitable aims.
The LRF Heritage & Education Centre (HEC), which looks after the collection, is encouraging research that utilises their archive material (both physical and digitised) in different ways. HEC are in the process of making 1.25 million ship plans and survey reports more accessible to the public online and preserving them for future generations. Their website also holds digitised collections of the World Fleet Statistics and Casualty Returns as well as Lists of Surveyors and the Register of Ships.
Information on the Heritage & Education Centre and Lloyd’s digital resources can be found here:-
https://hec.lrfoundation.org.uk/archive-library/digital-resources
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Palaeolithic
Pettitt, P., Gamble, C. and Last, J. (eds.) 2008. Resarch and conservation framework for the British Palaeolithic.
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Mesolithic
Blinkhorn, E. and Milner, N. 2013. Developing a Mesolithic research and conservation framework. Resource assesment. University of York: York
Blinkhorn, E. and Milner, N. (eds.). 2014. Mesolithic research and conservation framework. Council for British Archaeology: York
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Bronze Age
Last, J. (ed.). 2008. Creating a research agenda for the Bronze Age in Britain. The Bronze Age Review volume 1. British Museum
https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/BAR1_2008_4_Last_c.pdf
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Iron Age
Haselgrove, C., Armit, I., Champion, T. C., Creighton, J., Gwilt, A., Hill, J. D., Hunter, F. and Woodward, A. 2001. Understanding the British Iron Age: An agenda for action - a report for the Iron Age research seminar and Council of the Prehistoric Society. The Trust for Wessex Archaeology: Salisbury
http://www.personal.reading.ac.uk/~lascretn/IAAgenda.htm
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3. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Surveys (RCZAS)
In the past two decades, approaches to coastal and intertidal archaeology have attempted to be more synthesised. Commissioned by Historic England (nee English Heritage) the production of the Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Surveys (RCZA) is a national attempt to quantify the English coastal archaeological resource.
These valuable research tools are all available online via Historic England, accessed using the links below:
North West
NW1: Johnson, B, 2009. North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA). ARS Ltd Report 2009/53. Gateshead: Archaeological Research Services Ltd
NW2: Johnson, B 2009. North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NWRCZA). Executive Summary. ARS Ltd Report 2009/53. Gateshead: Archaeological Research Services Ltd
NW3: Bacilieri, C, Knight, D and Williams, S 2009. North West Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Air Suvey Mapping Report. English Heritage National Mapping Programme. Historic environment Enabling Programme: Project Number 4548. Gateshead: Archaeological Research Services Ltd
NW4a: Edie, G 2012a. The North West Rapid Coastal zone Assessment (NWRCZA). Executive Summary Document. Bakewell: Archaeological Research Services
NW4b: Edie, G 2012b. The North West Rapid Coastal zone Assessment (NWRCZA). Phase 2 Project Report Bakewell: Archaeological Research Services
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North East
NE1: Tolan-Smith, C 2008. North East rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NERCZA). Archaeological Research Services Report 2008/81. Gateshead: ARS
NE2: Johnson, B 2009. North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment (NERCZA). Executive Summary. Archaeological Research Services Report 2009/22. Gateshead: ARS
NE3: Waddington, C 2010. Low Hauxley, Northumberland: a review of archaeological interventions and site condition. Archaeological Research Services Report 2010/25. Gateshead: ARS
NE4: Bacilieri, C, Knight, D and Bradford, S 2008. North East Rapid Coastal zone Assessment Survey. Air Survey Mapping Report. English Heritage National Mapping Programme. HEEP Project Number: 3929. Swindon: English Heritage
NE5: Burn, A 2010. North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment: Phase 2. Archaeological Research Services Report 2010/42. Gateshead: ARS
NE6: Johnson, B and Waddington, C 2011. Brief statement on Rescue Recording of Eroding Inter-tidal Peat Bed Containing Prehistoric Worked Timber, Human and Animal footprints. Gateshead: ARS
Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
YL1: Buglass, J and Brigham T 2008a. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. East Riding of Yorkshire. Whitby to Reighton. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 238. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL2: Brigham, T, Buglass, J. and George, R 2008. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Bempton to Donna Nook. EH Report No. 235. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL3: Buglass, J and Brigham T 2008b. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Donna Hook to Gibraltar Point. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 238. Kingston–upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL4: Buglass, J and Brigham T 2007a. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Yorksire and Lincolnshire. Gibraltar Point to Sutton Bridge. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 237. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL5: Buglass, J and Brigham T 2007b. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Yorksire and Lincolnshire. Whitby to Reighton. Phase 2. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 327. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL6: Brigham, T and Jobling, D., 2011a Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Bempton to Donna Nook. Phase 2. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 324. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL7: Brigham, T and Jobling, D 2011b. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Donna Nook to Gibraltar Point. Phase 2. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 325. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL8: Brigham, T and Jobling, D 2011c. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Gibraltar Point to Sutton Bridge. Phase 2. English Heritage Project 3729. Humber Archaeology Report No. 326. Kingston-upon-Hull: Humber Archaeology
YL9: Brigham, T 2014, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: Phase 3, Project Overview, Thematic Discussion of Selected Aspects, English Heritage Project 3729
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South East
SE1: Wessex Archaeology 2011. South East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey (SERCZAS). Phase 1: National Mapping Programme Report – Blocks B, C, L and M. Report Ref: 71330.01. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology [covers Hampshire: Hill Head to Emsworth and Kent: Maxton to Kingsgate]
SE2: Cornwall County Council and Gloucestershire County Council 2012. South East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. National Mapping Programme. Components 1 and 2: Blocks A, D-H & J-K. NHPCP Project Numbers 6105 and 6106. Results of AP Mapping. Truro/Gloucestershire Cornwall County Council and Gloucestershire County Council [covers Hampshire: Millbrook to Hill Head, West Sussex, East Sussex and Kent: Dungeness to Folkestone]
SE3: Wessex Archaeology. 2013. South East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey (SERCZAS). Phase 1 Desk Based Assessment. Ref: 71330.02. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
Norfolk
N1: Robertson, D, Crawley, P, Barker, A and Whitmore, S 2005. Norfolk Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Assessment and Updated Project Design. Norfolk Archaeological Unit Report 1045. Norwich: NAU
N2: Albone, J., Massey, S. and Tremlett, S., 2007. The Archaeology of Norfolk’s Coastal Zone. Results of the National Mapping Programme - English Heritage Project No: 2913. Gressenhall: Norfolk Landscape Archaeology/ English Heritage
Suffolk
S1: Everett, L, Allan, D, and McLannanhan, C 2003. Rapid Field Survey of the Suffolk Coast and Intertidal Zone, May 2002-March 2003. Ipswich: Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service
S2: Everett, L 2007. Targeted Inter-tidal Survey, Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Report 2007/192
S3: Good, C and Plouviez, J, 2007. The Archaeology of the Suffolk Coast. Ipswich: Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service
S4: Hegarty, C and Newsome, S 2005. The Archaeology of the Suffolk Coast and Inter-tidal Zone. A report for the National Mapping Programme. Bury St Edmunds/Swindon: Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service/ English Heritage
Essex
E1: Heppell, E M and Brown, N 2001. Greater Thames Estuary Essex Zone Monitoring Survey. Assessment and Updated Project Design. Chelmsford/Braintree: Essex County Council
E2: Heppell, E M and Brown, N 2002. Greater Thames Estuary Essex Zone Monitoring Survey. Interim report No. 1. Chelmsford/Braintree: Essex County Council
E3: Heppell, E M 2003. Greater Thames Estuary Essex Zone Monitoring Survey. Interim report No. 2. Chelmsford/Braintree: Essex County Council
E4: Heppell, E M, Brown, N and Murphy, P 2004. Greater Thames Estuary Essex Zone Monitoring Survey. Assessment and Updated Project Design. Chelmsford/Braintree: Essex County Council
E5: Heppell, E M and Brown, N. 2008. Rapid Coastal Zone Survey and beyond: research and management of the Essex coast. Chelmsford/ Braintree: Essex Coastal Council
North Kent
NK1: Wessex Archaeology 2000. Historic Environment of the North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone assessment Survey. Survey Phase 1. Final Report. Ref: 46561. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK2: Wessex Archaeology 2002. North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase II: Preliminary field Investigation. Ref: 46564.01. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK3: Wessex Archaeology 2004. North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase II: Field Assessment: Pilot. Ref: 46565. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK4: Wessex Archaeology 2004a. North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase II: Field Assessment: 2003 Pilot Fieldwork. Ref: 55057.02. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK5: Wessex Archaeology 2005. North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase II: Field Assessment: Year One Report. Ref: 56750.02. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK6: Wessex Archaeology 2006. North Kent Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase II: Field Assessment: Year Two Report. Ref: 567541.01. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK7: Wessex Archaeology 2005a. NKC Joint Fieldwork Report. June-July 2004. Ref: 56320.03. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NK8: Wessex Archaeology 2005b. NKC Planarch Participation. Essex Joint Fieldwork Report. May 2005. Ref: 56321.02. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
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South West
In the English Heritage National Heritage Protection Plan (Activity 3A2), work on Phase 1 of the SW RCZAS (South Coast: Devon, Dorset, part of Hampshire) began in financial year 2012/13. The SW RCZAS North Coast (Land’s End to Gore Point, Porlock Bay, Somerset) and Phase 2 surveys for both areas will follow as funding permits. Aerial photographic survey of Cornwall has been completed and that for the North Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is underway.
See also SE1 which covers Portsmouth-Emsworth and SE2 which covers Southampton and Chichester.
Severn Estuary
S1: Mullin, D, Brunning, R and Chadwick, A 2009. Severn Estuary Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Phase 1 Report for English Heritage. (HEEP Project No. 3885). Gloucester: Gloucestershire County Council/Somerset County Council
S2: Catchpole, T and Chadwick, A M 2010. Severn Estuary Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey.Updated Project Design for Phase 2 Main Fieldwork for English Heritage. (HEEP Project No. 3885). Gloucester: Gloucestershire County Council/Somerset County Council
S3: Dickson, A, Catchpole, T and Barnett, L P 2010. Severn Estuary rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey: Purton Hulks Aerial Photographic Progression Study (English Heritage Project No. 3885 2a PILOT) Gloucester: Gloucestershire County Council, Friends of Purton & English Heritage: Gloucester
S4: Chadwick, A and Catchpole, T 2011. Severn Estuary Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Phase 2 Fieldwork Report (English Heritage Project NHCP 3885) Gloucester: Gloucestershire County Council
Isle of Wight
IoW: Isle of Wight County Archaeology and Historic Environment Service 2000. Isle of Wight Coastal Audit. Ventnor: Isle of Wight County Archaeology and Historic Environment Service
Dorset
D1: Wessex Archaeology 2004a. Historic Environment of the Dorset Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase I Project report. Ref: 51958.05. Salisbury; Wessex Archaeology
D2: Wessex Archaeology 2004b. Historic Environment of the Dorset Coast. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey Phase I Project report. Ref: 51958.06. Salisbury; Wessex Archaeology
D3: Royall, C 2014 Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey for South-West England, South Coast Dorset, Component One, National Mapping Programme (English Heritage Report: 2014R003). Cornwall Council
D4: Johns, C, Kirkham, G, Cousin, T and arham, D 2015. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey, Phase One Desk-based Assessment for South-West England (South Coast Dorset) (Report no 2014R043). CAU, Bournmouth Uni
Devon
Dev1: Hegarty, C; Knight, S; Sims, R. 2014. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey National Mapping Programme for South-West England - South Devon Coast. A Report for the National Mapping Programme (English Heritage Project No. 6046). NPP: AC Archaeology
Dev2: Pink, F. 2016. Rapid Coastal Assessment Zone Assessment Survey For South West England - South Devon Coast: Results of Phase 1 Component 2 Desk Based Assessment (Historic England Project 6046). Bradninch: AC Archaeology
New Forest
NF1: Wessex Archaeology 2010. New Forest Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment. Phase I Desk-Based Assessment. Main Report. Ref: 72200.02. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NF2: Wessex Archaeology 2011. New Forest Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey. Stage II: Field Assessment. Ref: 72201.1. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology
NF3: Trevarthen, E 2010. Hampshire Aggregate Resource Assessment: Aerial Photography Enhancement Results of NMP Mapping. English Heritage Project No. 5783. Report No. 2010 R026. Truro: Historic Environment Projects, Environment, Planning and Economy, Cornwall Council
Isles of Scilly
IoS: Johns, C, Larn, R and Tapper, B P 2004. Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment for the Isles of Scilly. Report No: 2004R030. Truro: Historic environment service, Cornwall County Council
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4. Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs)
Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) are studies of naturally-defined coastal areas, developed by Coastal Groups working with local authorities and the Environment Agency. The groups identify the most sustainable approach to managing the flood and coastal erosion risks to the coastline in the short-term (0 to 20 years), medium term (20 to 50 years) and long term (50 to 100 years).
The major policy options are:
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Hold the existing line of defence – by maintaining or changing the standard of protection. Used to cover situations where works or operations are undertaken to existing defences, in order to improve or maintain the standard of protection provided by the existing defence line.
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Advance the existing defence line – by constructing new defences seaward of the original defences. Option limited to those frontages where significant land reclamation is under consideration and there are no major environmental or engineering constraints.
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Managed realignment – by allowing the shoreline to move backwards or forwards, with management to control or limit its movement. Identifying a new line for coastal defence and, where appropriate, constructing new defences on a different line to the original defences.
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No active intervention – where there is to be no national investment in coastal defence assets or operations. However, monitoring and inspections of the shoreline will still be required
SMP 1 Scottish border to the River Tyne (Northumberland and North Tyneside). May 2009. Lead: Northumberland County Council
SMP 2 The Tyne to Flamborough Head (North East). Feb 2007. Lead: Scarborough Borough Council
SMP 3 Flamborough Head to Gibraltar Point. Dec 2010. Lead: East Riding Yorkshire Council
SMP 4 Gibraltar Point to Hunstanton (The Wash). Aug 2010. Lead: Environment Agency
SMP 5 Hunstanton to Kelling Hard (North Norfolk). Nov 2010. Lead: Environment Agency
SMP 6 Kelling Hard to Lowestoft (Kelling to Lowestoft). Aug 2012. Lead: North Norfolk District Council
SMP 7 Lowestoft to Felixtowe (Lowestoft Ness to Felixstowe Languard). Jan 2010 (plan updated: Apr 2015). Lead: Suffolk Coastal District Council
SMP 8 Essex and South Suffolk. Oct 2010. Lead: Environment Agency
SMP 9 The Medway Estuary and Swale. 2010. Lead: Environment Agency
SMP 10 Isle of Grain to South Foreland. 2010. Lead: Canterbury County Council
SMP 11 South Foreland to Beachy Head. Apr 2006. Lead: Shepway District Council
SMP 12 Beachy Head to Selsey Bill (South Downs). May 2006. Lead: Arun District Council
SMP 13 Selsey Bill to Hurst Spit (North Solent). Dec 2010. Lead: New Forest District Council
SMP 14 Isle of Wight. Dec 2010. Lead: Isle of Wight Council
SMP 15 Hurst Spit to Durlston Head (Poole & Christchurch Bays). 2011. Lead: Bournemouth Borough Council
SMP 16 Durlston Head to Rame Head. Jun 2011. Lead: Teignbridge District Council
SMP 17 Rame Head to Hartland Point (Cornwall & Isles of Scilly). Feb 2011. Lead: Caradon District Council
SMP 18 Hartland Point to Anchor Head (North Devon & Somerset). Jun 2010. Lead: North Devon District Council
SMP 22 Great Ormes Head to Scotland (North West England and North Wales). Jul 2010. Lead: Blackpool Borough Council
